
Galen was born September 22nd in the year of 130 (although it was kind of hard to be completely accurate)
Around the time of Galen Romans had conquered the Mediterranean sea, most of Europe, and most of Africa, the whole middle east and most of Asia. Most common things used for cures then were garlic and honey.
Then there was of course no thermometers then they used stethoscope for listening to hearts and lungs. Unfortunately then you could not accurately check a pulse with a sun dial sand or water clock. Galen not only was a great scientist but he was a great thinker. During the time of Galen you were not allowed to dissect humans, so mostly he knew about different kinds of animal bodies.

Galen's mothers name is unknown Galen's father's name is Nicon. he was an engineer, mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and botanist. Galen's father was different from men in there time era, he decided he wanted to be more involved in his son's life and educated Galen.
Galen Eventually went to school and learned the basics of reading, writing and Greek, (they didn't have the number zero then so they did not do algebra) He used and abacus to do geometry.
then went on to an amazing doctor at tone of the arenas and doctoring the gladiators that did survive and went on leading and teaching people about his discoveries.Greeks are known for there intelligence!
More references on Galen
Are:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223895/Galen-of-Pergamum
You should also look at theses books.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Books_of_the_Western_World